Equivalent content

Two or more blocks of content are equivalent if their content serves the same purpose and cover equally well the expectation of the user navigating to them. This usually involves that the key content is the same.

Web pages and documents (e.g. PDFs, office formats etc.) may contain equivalent content, even if the content:

presents different navigation options, e.g. through bread crumbs or local sub menus; or
contains different amounts of information and/or differently worded information; or
uses different layouts.

If the same content is presented in different formats or languages, the format or language itself is often part of the purpose of the content, e.g. an article as both HTML and PDF, an image in different sizes, or an article in two different languages. If getting the same content in different formats or languages is the purpose of having separate contents, the contents are not equivalent.